پارلمان اروپا در مورد نقض شدید حقوق بشر در ایران قطعنامه صادر کرد

پارلمان اروپا با تصویب قطعنامه‌ای در ۱۷ دسامبر نقض همه‌جانبه حقوق بشر در ایران را محکوم کرد. این قطعنامه به‌ویژه به نسرین ستوده، حقوق‌دان زندانی و برنده جایزه حقوق بشر ساخاروف پرداخته و خواستار آزادی فوری او شده است.

European Parliament resolution of 17 December 2020 on Iran

European Parliament
2019-2024
TEXTS ADOPTED
Provisional edition
P9_TA-PROV(2020)0376
Iran, in particular the case of 2012 Sakharov Prize Laureate Nasrin
Sotoudeh
European Parliament resolution of 17 December 2020 on Iran, in particular the case of
2012 Sakharov Prize Laureate Nasrin Sotoudeh (2020/2914(RSP))
The European Parliament,
– having regard its previous resolutions on Iran, in particular that of 13 December 2018
on Iran, notably the case of Nasrin Sotoudeh1
, and that of 17 September 2019 on the
situation of women’s rights defenders and imprisoned EU dual nationals2
,
– having regard the statement of the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for
Human Rights (OHCHR) of 9 December 2020 on Iran, requesting the release of Nasrin
Sotoudeh,
– having regard to the statement of the Spokesperson of the European External Action
Service (EEAS) of 12 December 2020 on the execution of Mr Ruhollah Zam,
– having regard the statement of the OHCHR of 25 November 2020 calling on Iran to halt
the execution of Ahmadreza Djalali,
– having regard the statement of the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human
rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran of 26 October 2020 urging accountability for
violent protest crackdowns and his report of 21 July 2020 on the situation of human
rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran,
– having regard to the 5th European Union – Iran High Level Dialogue of
9 December 2020,
– having regard to the EU Guidelines on Human Rights Defenders,
– having regard to the EU Guidelines on the Death Penalty, on Torture and on Freedom of
Expression,
– having regard to the awarding of the Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought to Nasrin
1
OJ C 388, 13.11.2020, p. 127.
2
Texts adopted, P9_TA(2019)0019.
Sotoudeh in 2012,
– having regard to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948,
– having regard to Rule 144(5) and 132(4) of its Rules of Procedure,
A. whereas Nasrin Sotoudeh, the winner of the 2012 Sakharov Prize for Freedom of
Thought, is an Iranian lawyer, human rights activist and political prisoner who, over the
past 15 years, has fought for the rights of women, children, religious minorities,
journalists and artists, as well as those facing the death penalty, and as a result, has been
continuously targeted and harassed by the Iranian authorities and has been arrested and
imprisoned several times; whereas her prosecution and the charges brought against her
demonstrate the grave extent to which the Iranian judiciary is criminalising human
rights activism;
B. whereas Nasrin Sotoudeh has been arbitrarily detained since 13 June 2018 for
representing women who protested against Iran’s mandatory hijab law and was
sentenced in absentia in March 2019 to 33 years in prison and 148 lashes; whereas UN
experts have on numerous occasions raised serious concerns that her current detention is
arbitrary and called for her release;
C. whereas Nasrin Sotoudeh was temporarily released on 7 November 2020 following a
positive test for COVID-19; whereas she was ordered to return to Qarchak prison, a
women’s detention centre in Teheran known for cruel and inhuman detention
conditions, on 2 December 2020; whereas this decision on the part of the Iranian
authorities may have life-threatening consequences for her and further extends her
arbitrary imprisonment in violation of Iran’s obligations under international human
rights law;
D. whereas Nasrin Sotudeh’s family, relatives and friends, notably her husband Reza
Khandan, have been targeted by the Iranian authorities with the aim of silencing them
and stopping any campaigning for the release of Nasrin Sotoudeh;
E. whereas the arrest of Nasrin Sotoudeh is part of an intensified crackdown against
women’s rights defenders in Iran; whereas women’s rights defenders who have actively
campaigned to enhance women’s empowerment and rights have suffered harassment,
arbitrary arrests and detentions, and their rights to a fair trial due process have been
violated;
F. whereas Ahmadreza Djalali, an Iranian-Swedish medical doctor and academic and
professor at VUB University in Belgium and Universita degli Studi del Piemonte
Orientale in Italy who was sentenced to death on spurious espionage charges in October
2017, has reportedly been transferred to solitary confinement in preparation for his
execution, despite widely held findings which confirm that his trial was grossly unfair
and that his conviction was based on a forced confession extracted under torture;
whereas he has received threats from Iranian officials to kill him and his family in
Sweden and Iran; whereas in a letter written from Evin political prison, he wrote that
the reason behind his detention was that he objected to spying for Iran against European
institutions; whereas Dr Djalali was informed on 24 November 2020 that his execution
was imminent;
G. whereas on 12 December 2020, journalist Ruhollah Zam was executed by hanging
following a rushed Supreme Court decision of 8 December 2020 to uphold his capital
sentence for vague charges of ‘corruption on earth’, which were supported by forcibly
extracted confessions; whereas Mr Zam, who had been granted asylum in France in
2009 and ran a popular Telegram channel critical of the Iranian authorities, was lured to
Iraq and kidnapped and taken to Iran by Iranian authorities; whereas his execution for
exercising his right to freedom of expression constitutes a blatant violation of
international human rights law;
H. whereas the EU national and prominent French-Iranian academic Fariba Adelkhah, a
research director at Sciences Po University Paris, has been arbitrarily detained since
June 2019 at Evin prison;
I. whereas EU-Iranian dual nationals continue to be arrested, with arrest followed by
prolonged solitary confinement and interrogations, with a lack of due process, no access
to a fair trial and long prison sentences based on vague or unspecified ‘national
security’ and ‘espionage’ charges; whereas Iran does not recognise dual nationality,
thereby limiting the access foreign embassies have to their dual nationals being held
there;
J. whereas Iranian courts fall short in providing due process and fair trials, with denial of
access to legal counsel, particularly during the investigation period, and denial of
consular, UN or humanitarian organisation visits; whereas sentences by the Iranian
judiciary are often based on vague or unspecified national security and espionage
charges; whereas there are no independent mechanisms for ensuring accountability
within the judiciary, and serious concerns remain over the politicisation of judges;
K. whereas civil society protests in Iran against poverty, inflation, corruption and political
authoritarianism have been met by the Iranian authorities with severe repression;
whereas the Iranian intelligence service has intensified its crackdown on civil society
workers and human rights defenders, lawyers, environmental activists, women’s rights
defenders, students, journalists, teachers, truck drivers and peaceful activists;
L. whereas UN human rights experts have called on Iran to guarantee the rights of human
rights defenders and lawyers who have been jailed for publicly supporting protests
against the mandatory wearing of the hijab in Iran and have reiterated grave concerns
with regard to the continuing executions of juvenile offenders in Iran;
M. whereas there have been numerous reports regarding the inhuman and degrading
conditions in prisons and the refusal to provide adequate access to medical care during
detention with the aim of intimidating, punishing, or coercing detainees, in
contravention of the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners;
N. whereas dozens of human rights defenders, journalists, lawyers, and activists continue
to remain behind bars for peaceful activism and have been excluded from clemency and
temporary releases implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic to reduce
overcrowding in prisons;
O. whereas the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Islamic
Republic of Iran, in his annual report delivered to the UN General Assembly on 21 July
2020, was dismayed by Iran’s continued use of the death penalty and its high execution
figures and affirmed that reports received demonstrate a continued trend of restricting
freedom of expression and ongoing discrimination against minorities and women;
P. whereas in this same report, the UN Special Rapporteur affirms that despite clear
evidence that Iranian security forces used excessive and lethal force which caused the
deaths of over 300 people, including women and children, at protests in November
2019, nearly one year on, the Iranian authorities have failed to conduct an investigation
compliant with international standards;
Q. whereas the use of death sentences against protesters has been increasing, with a pattern
of so-called confessions extracted under torture, after which protesters are executed
without their lawyers or family members being informed, as was the case for wrestling
star Navid Afkari, murdered by execution on 12 September 2020 for charges he fully
denied; whereas his brothers remain in prison and have received very lengthy sentences
for having participated in anti-government protests;
R. whereas Parliament adopted a resolution calling for the establishment of an EEAS
StratCom unit dedicated to the Middle East, notably Iran;
S. whereas mass surveillance technologies are being used to quell online and street
protests, including through online censorship; whereas state media have run
disinformation campaigns against protesters and human rights defenders, with the
involvement of leading national figures, with the aim of distorting the November 2019
protests;
1. Strongly condemns the arbitrary detention, sentencing and, recently, return to prison of
woman human rights defender and lawyer Nasrin Sotoudeh, and calls on the authorities
of the Islamic Republic of Iran to immediately and unconditionally release her, as a
matter of urgency, and allow her to receive the healthcare she requires;
2. Strongly condemns the execution on 12 December 2020 of French-based journalist
Ruhollah Zam, editor of the Amad News Telegram channel, and on 12 September 2020
of wrestler Navid Afkari; expresses its deepest condolences to their families, friends and
colleagues; calls on the EU and its Member States’ institutions to provide more
effective protection to Iranian nationals residing in the EU who are subjected to
harassment and threats from Iranian intelligence services;
3. Calls on Iran to immediately halt the imminent execution of Swedish-Iranian academic
Ahmadreza Djalali, release and compensate him, and stop threatening his family in Iran
and Sweden; strongly condemns, furthermore, his torture, arbitrary detention and death
sentence; notes that Dr Djalali was told on 24 November 2020 that the prosecution
authorities had issued an order to carry out the sentence and that he was moved to
solitary confinement in section 209 of Evin prison; reiterates its calls for urgent
interventions by the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the
Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (VP/HR) and EU Member States, aimed
at halting any plans to execute Ahmadreza Djalali, quashing his death sentence and
securing his immediate release;
4. Calls on all EU Member States to jointly make public statements and undertake
diplomatic initiatives to monitor unfair trials and visit prisons where human rights
defenders and other prisoners of conscience are being detained, including EU nationals
in Iran, in line with the EU Guidelines on Human Rights Defenders;
5. Calls on the Government of Iran to immediately and unconditionally release the
hundreds of people arbitrarily detained for peacefully exercising their rights to freedom
of opinion and expression including protesters, journalists, media workers, political
dissidents, artists, writers and human rights defenders, including lawyers, women’s
rights defenders, labour rights activists, minority rights activists, conservationists, antideath penalty campaigners and others including those demanding truth, justice and
reparation for the mass extrajudicial executions of the 1980s; emphasises that, pending
their release, the Iranian authorities must guarantee their physical and mental;
6. Urges Iran to immediately drop all charges and lift all travel restrictions on all
European-Iranian dual nationals who are subjected to arbitrary detention and other
restrictive measures, such as in the cases of Fariba Adelkhah, Nahid Taghavi, Kameel
Ahmady and Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe; reiterates its demand for the immediate and
unconditional release of Kamran Ghaderi, Massoud Mossaheb and Morad Tahbaz, who
are currently being detained in Iranian prisons, and denounces, once again, the
continuing practice of imprisonment of EU-Iranian dual nationals by the Iranian
judiciary following unfair trials, and their lack of access to consular support;
7. Expresses concern at the physical assault and forcible transfer, on 13 December 2020,
of the woman human rights defender Golrokh Iraee to Evin prison; calls for the
immediate clarification of her situation and reiterates its demand for her release;
8. Condemns in its strongest terms the crackdown on the rights to freedom of expression,
association and peaceful assembly; urges the Iranian authorities to ensure the full
implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, to which it
is a party, and to ensure the right of all detainees to due process and a fair trial,
including the right to be represented by a lawyer of their own choosing;
9. Condemns the restrictions on civic space, the use of the death penalty as a weapon of
political repression, the amputations, floggings and other cruel and inhuman
punishments included in Iran’s penal code, the cruel and inhuman detention conditions,
confessions obtained through torture or ill-treatment and the trial of civilians before
revolutionary courts; denounces the use of the death penalty as a deterrent against
peaceful dissent human rights activism and the right to exercise freedom of expression;
calls on the Iranian Government to declare an immediate moratorium on all pending
executions with a view to the full abolition of the death penalty;
10. Notes the advances made by Iranian women in the fields of education, science and
research, exemplified by the fact that the majority of students in Iranian universities are
women; urges the Islamic Republic of Iran to eliminate, in law and in practice, all forms
of discrimination and other human rights violations against women and girls; strongly
supports the Iranian women and human rights defenders who keep on defending human
rights despite the difficulties and personal repercussions they are facing;
11. Calls on the Iranian authorities to address all forms of discrimination against persons
belonging to ethnic and religious minorities, including Christians and Baha’i, and
LGBTI persons, and to immediately and unconditionally release all those imprisoned
for exercising their right to freedom of religion or belief or sexual orientation;
12. Calls for the establishment of a UN-led inquiry into the crimes under international law
and other serious human rights violations committed during the protests of November
2019 and January 2020; urges the EU and its Member States to adopt targeted
restrictive measures against the officials responsible for those abuses;
13. Strongly supports the aspirations of the Iranian people who want to live in a free, stable,
inclusive and democratic country which respects its national and international
commitments on human rights and fundamental freedoms; calls on the Iranian
authorities to ensure independent and impartial investigations into all of the deaths that
occurred at these protests, into all of those suspected of bearing criminal responsibility
for the killing of protesters, and into all cases of victims being subjected to ongoing
enforced disappearances and extrajudicial executions; calls on the Iranian authorities,
furthermore, to exhume and return the remains of the victims to their families, to
identify and prosecute the perpetrators, and to provide effective remedies for the
victims;
14. Welcomes the adoption of the Human Rights Sanctions Mechanism, the so-called
Magnitsky Act, by the Council as an important EU instrument to sanction violators of
human rights; calls for targeted measures against Iranian officials who have committed
serious human rights violations including the recent executions of Ruhollah Zam and
Navid Afkari and the arbitrary detention of dual and foreign nationals in Iran, as well as
of those involved in gross human rights abuses, including judges who have sentenced to
death journalists, human rights defenders, political dissidents and activists;
15. Considers that further targeted sanctions will be necessary if the Iranian authorities do
not free Dr Djalali, as the EU and its Member States are requesting;
16. Calls on the Council to raise human rights violations as a core component of its bilateral
cooperation with Iran, in line with the Joint Statement agreed by the VP/HR and the
Iranian Foreign Minister in April 2016; calls on the EEAS to continue including human
rights, particularly the situation of human rights defenders, in the context of the EU-Iran
High Level Dialogue and strongly calls on the Iranian authorities to halt all acts of
intimidation and reprisals against human rights defenders for communicating with EU
and UN officials;
17. Calls on the EEAS and EU Member States to fully support the laureates of the Sakharov
Prize through their diplomatic and consular representations and by establishing an
internal interinstitutional task force in support of Sakharov Prize laureates who are at
risk; is of the view that support for laureates at risk should be enhanced on the part of
EU delegations;
18. Requests that the EEAS strengthen its capabilities to counter Iranian interference and
disinformation on European soil; urges the Iranian authorities to lift their censorship of
online services and content and to desist from using Internet shutdowns that are
incompatible with international human rights;
19. Calls on the EU and its Member States to address the particular vulnerability of women
human rights defenders through adequate protection measures that shield them from the
specific and gendered risks they are exposed to;
20. Calls on the Iranian authorities to extend a standing invitation to the visit of all Special
Procedures of the UN Human Rights Council and to cooperate in a proactive manner;
urges them to ensure particularly that the UN Special Rapporteur on the situation of
human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran is allowed to enter the country;
21. Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Council, the Commission, the
European External Action Service, the Vice-President of the Commission / High
Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, the governments
and parliaments of the Member States, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of
Iran, the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Members of the Iranian
Majlis.

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